Different Intervals of Ischemic Preconditioning on Small Bowel Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats

Abstract 

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to establish morphologically the best time of vascular occlusion to induce ischemic preconditioning (IPC) for rat small bowel undergoing ischemia and reperfusion injury.

Methods

After approval by the Ethics Committee, 36 EPM-1 young adult Wistar rats from 300–350 g were distributed into 6 groups: sham (S); ischemia and reperfusion (IR), with 50 minutes of cranial mesenteric artery occlusion and 30 minutes of reperfusion; IPC with 1 cycle of 2 minutes (IPC-2), 5 minutes (IPC-5), 10 minutes (IPC-10), or 15 minutes (IPC-15), followed by sustained IR. The animals anesthetized with ketamine (60 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) intramuscular (IM), were maintained on mattress heat, hydrated with saline (80 mL/kg), and injected with 100 IU heparin. Samples of jejunum were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and classified according to Park et al. Statistical analysis of results was performed using Kruskal-Wallis tests (P < .05).

Results

The histological evaluation showed no difference between IR and IPC15 rats (5.2 and 5, respectively; P = .84). Greater jejunal injury was observed with IPC15 (5) compared with other groups (IPC2 = 3, P = .03; IPC5 = 3.2, P = .05; IPC10 = 2.8, P = .02, respectively). There was no difference between groups IPC2 × IPC5 × IPC10.

Conclusion

Morphologically, IPC with short times promoted greater intestinal protection against the IR lesion in rats.